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The job of directional control valves is to route the fluid to the desired actuator. Normally, these control valves include a spool located within a housing made either from cast iron or steel. The spool slides to various places within the housing. Intersecting grooves and channels direct the fluid based on the spool's position.
The spool is centrally positioned, help in place by springs. In this particular location, the supply fluid could be blocked and returned to the tank. If the spool is slid to a side, the hydraulic fluid is directed to an actuator and provides a return path from the actuator to tank. When the spool is moved to the opposite side, the return and supply paths are switched. Once the spool is allowed to return to the center or neutral position, the actuator fluid paths become blocked, locking it into position.
Typically, directional control valves are designed in order to be stackable. They usually have one valve per hydraulic cylinder and a fluid input which supplies all the valves within the stack.
Tolerances are maintained very tightly, so as to tackle the higher pressures and to be able to avoid leaking. The spools will usually have a clearance in the housing no less than 25 µm or a thousandth of an inch. So as to avoid jamming the valve's extremely sensitive parts and distorting the valve, the valve block will be mounted to the machine' frame by a 3-point pattern.
The position of the spool can be actuated by hydraulic pilot pressure, mechanical levers, or solenoids that push the spool right or left. A seal allows a portion of the spool to protrude outside the housing where it is accessible to the actuator.
The main valve block controls the stack of directional control valves by capacity and flow performance. Some of these valves are designed to be proportional, like a valve position to the proportional flow rate, whereas other valves are designed to be on-off. The control valve is among the most costly and sensitive parts of a hydraulic circuit.
In the material handling industry counterbalance forklifts are very common pieces of equipment. They can be commonly found in warehouses and factories all over the globe. The leading lift truck manufacturers like for instance Mitsubishi, Linde and Toyota all construct counterbalance lift trucks. They are obtainable in different fuel alternatives like diesel, electric or gas. Normally, a counterbalanced forklift truck contains the following parts:
The Cab is the section that has a seat meant for the person operating it and houses the control pedals, levers, steering wheel, a dashboard containing operator readouts and various switches. The Truck Frame is the base of the machine that each of the other parts, mast and counterweight, the axles, wheels, power source are all connected to. The frame may likewise have fuel tanks and hydraulic fuel tanks made as part of its assembly. The Mast is the vertical assembly that does most of the work lowering and raising the forklift's load.
The counterweight is a heavy mass of cast iron which is attached to the back of the forklift truck frame. The counterweights' purpose is to offset all the cargo being lifted. Utilizing an electric forklift, the big lead-acid battery itself can operate as part of or all of the counterweight. The Power Source can have an internal combustion engine that can be powered by diesel, gasoline, LP gas or CNG gas. Electric lift trucks are driven by either fuel cells that provide power to a battery or electric motors. The electric motors may be either DC or AC kinds.
Fork attachments are various types of material handling attachments that are obtainable comprising fork positioners, roll clamps, container handlers, carpet poles, pole handlers, side shifters, multipurpose clams, carton clamps and slip-sheet attachments.
The counterbalanced forklift is the best electric forklift to use for parking pallets closely together. Counterbalanced forklifts offer some advantages over straddle-leg styles and fork-over designs. They do have a few disadvantages however. A counterbalanced lift truck could lift pallets straight off the floor in view of the fact that there are no stabilization legs to interfere. The main disadvantage of this particular unit of forklift is that the weight capacity and lift height will normally be less than the different kinds.
